Sephia Amanda Muhtar, Tia Amanda, Nadiya Rifqah Kurnia, Septia Eka Marsha Putra, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal, Muhamad F. Arif, Tarmizi Taher, Aditya Rianjanu
Industrial wastewater often contains complex mixtures of dyes, frequently occurring as binary, ternary, and quaternary dye systems, which complicate their effective removal. In this study, electrospun PAN/PVDF nanofibers were modified with natural zeolite particles via vacuum filtration to create Ze-PAN/PVDF composite membranes for dye filtration. The membranes were characterized using various techniques, confirming successful zeolite incorporation, enhanced membrane wettability, and improved thermal stability. Filtration tests revealed that the membranes achieved around 98 % rejection efficiency with a permeation flux of 7109 Lm⁻²h⁻¹bar⁻¹ for cationic dyes such as methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV), even in binary dye systems. However, rejection rates for anionic dyes in binary systems, such as methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR), remained low (64 % at first cycle). The filtration process was driven by dual mechanisms namely electrostatic interactions with cationic dyes and size exclusion for larger anionic dyes, leading to high selectivity toward positively charged dyes. In binary dye systems, the membranes effectively rejected cationic dyes even in the presence of anionic counterparts, confirming their selective performance. The performance of the membrane in ternary and quaternary dye systems further demonstrated its robustness, managing complex dye interactions with notable efficiency. Over 20 filtration cycles, membrane fouling led to an increase in rejection efficiency, particularly in CR + CV binary dye solutions, due to pore blockage and size exclusion effects. These results emphasize the potential of Ze-PAN/PVDF composite membranes for industrial wastewater treatment, especially in systems with multiple dye types, though further optimization is needed to enhance performance for anionic dyes and improve long-term operational stability. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure and Regional Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, South Lampung, 35365, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Center for Green and Sustainable Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Way Hui, Jati Agung, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia
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