Ahmad Daudsyah Imami, Adinda Ayu Zhafirah, Dion Awfa, Sirin Fairus, Rifka Noor Azizah, Rahma Yanda, Zenia F. Saraswati, Endang Setiawati
Cities are facing water crisis issue due to the rapid growth of population. Jakarta as big city also faces the same issue therefore improvement in urban water management is urgently required. Determining the domestic water consumption pattern become a very important initial step in establishing sustainable urban water management since the water consumption standard used by government in some regions found underestimated. This research is expected to evaluate the water consumption standard set by the government compared to the actual consumption pattern. The study is expected to be useful for improving city's urban water policy based on the activity that most determining the water consumption. The actual water survey was conducted in two villages in Central Jakarta area (Kampung Galur and Kampung Rawa) which consumed clean water provided by Government (PAM), their own groundwater, and both. The research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative method, with direct measurement and questionnaires to 103 households then processed using descriptive statistical analysis and inference. Some factors related to water consumption pattern e.g., typology of the city, demographic, and socio-economic factors of the population also proportionally considered in designing the questionnaires. Based on the analysis results, residents using PAM water are more dominant (60%) in the two villages than groundwater users (31%) or combined water sources users (9%). The average water consumption of residents based on daily activities is 249 litres/person/day which exceed the government standard. The water consumption influenced by several factors including variations in socio-economic conditions and demographic conditions. Further study related to the most determinant socio-economic factor of water consumption shall be carried out. Bathing, ablution, and urination were found to be the activities that consume the greatest number of domestic water consumption. Study in to determining the effective intervention program (technical approach and non-technical approach) shall be carried out in the near future. © 2024 Author(s).
Department Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Center of Research and Innovation for Environment and Sanitation, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Bakrie, Jakarta Selatan, 12940, Indonesia; Department of Regional and City Planning, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Center of Research and Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia
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