Siti Fauziyah Rahman, Muhammad Maulana Ghiffary, Joshua Yoshihiko Tampubolon, Elly Septia Yulianti, Muhammad Hanif Nadhif, Puspita Anggraini Katili, Siti Hanafiah, Azizah Intan Pangesty, Muhammad Artha Jabatsudewa Maras
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising alternative approach to the repair of damaged bone tissue. This study aims to fabricate and characterize scaffolds composed of chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and a combination of graphite (Gr), graphene oxide (GO), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) for BTE applications. The Gr and MWCNT were functionalized by acid oxidation, while the GO was synthesized using the improved Hummers' method. The scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization, and the physical, chemical, and biological properties were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical testing, water contact angle, degradation, and biocompatibility assays were used to characterize the scaffolds. The degradation rate was determined using the liquid displacement method. Pores of different sizes were present on the surface of and throughout the scaffold. According to the FTIR results, the scaffolds contained functional groups that promote cell differentiation and proliferation. These scaffolds have compressive strength, Young's modulus, and toughness similar to cancellous bone, with reasonable porosity and controllable degradation rates. Biocompatibility testing confirmed that the scaffolds support cell proliferation and differentiation. © 2024 Vietnam National University, Hanoi
Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia; Medical Physiology and Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Medical Technology Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Kampus UI Salemba, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Botnar Research Institute, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, United Kingdom; Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, West Java, 16424, Indonesia; Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia