Yuan Alfinsyah Sihombing, Dhewa Edikresnha, Isa Anshori, Dian Ahmad Hapidin, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal
A sustainable carbon paste electrode (SCP) on a fabric substrate (SCP/Fabric) was successfully fabricated via a stencil printing method using activated carbon, beeswax, and virgin coconut oil. The electrode surface was subsequently modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through a green method. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and particle size analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface modification of SCP/Fabric with AgNPs significantly enhanced the electrode’s electrochemical performance for uric acid (UA) detection, increasing its effective surface area by 21%. The AgNPs/SCP/Fabric electrode exhibited two linear response ranges: 0.010–1.00 mM (sensitivity: 33.329, detection limit: 1.13 µM) and 1.00–5.00 mM (sensitivity: 5.021, detection limit: 7.47 µM). The electrochemical biosensor showed good reproducibility, acceptable repeatability over 30 cycles, and tolerance to common interferents including glucose, urea, ascorbic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol, with current response deviations under 8%. These findings demonstrate that the AgNPs/SCP/Fabric electrode is promising as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and reliable platform for UA detection in artificial biofluids. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2026.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Bioteknologi No.1, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Lab on Chip Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia; Center for Green and Sustainable Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia