Sitti Yani, Widya Rahma, Tony Sumaryada, Endarko, Freddy Haryanto, Duong Thanh Tai, Hiba Omer, Nissren Tamam, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, I Gde Eka Dirgayussa, Nunung Nuraeni
This study evaluates the effectiveness of multilayer shielding configurations in attenuating proton radiation and secondary particles using the PHITS Monte Carlo code. Proton beams with energies of 50–250 MeV were transported through single-layer concrete and multilayer combinations of concrete, iron (Fe), and polyethylene (PE). Compared with low-density concrete, a Concrete + Fe barrier reduced transmitted proton fluence by approximately three orders of magnitude at 100–150 MeV and by about one order of magnitude at 250 MeV, with statistical uncertainties below 1 %. No transmitted protons were detected for Fe-based multilayers at 50 MeV within the statistical sensitivity of the simulations. Incorporating a hydrogen-rich PE layer downstream of Fe further suppressed secondary neutron and photon fluence through moderation and capture effects. These results provide quantitative, dose-relevant guidance for the early-stage design of proton therapy room shielding using practical multilayer combinations of concrete, iron/steel, and PE. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Indonesia; Laboratory of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Medical imaging section, Biomedical Physics Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia; Research Center for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Technology (BRIN), Indonesia