Yolanda Rati, Resti Marlina, Kholik Hidayatullah, Firda Aulya Syamani, Lilik Astari, Ismadi, Bunga Fisikanta Bukit, Suhaida Dila Safian, Nafisah Osman
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising energy conversion technology due to their high efficiency, fuel flexibility, and low environmental impact. However, the mechanical properties of SOFC ceramic components remain insufficiently addressed compared with their electrochemical characteristics. Existing reviews typically report mechanical data only incidentally and lack systematic comparison across anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes, despite their critical role in crack formation, delamination, redox damage, and long-term durability. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the mechanical properties (including strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and hardness) of ceramic SOFC electrodes and electrolytes, compiled from the dispersed literature and analyzed within a durability and structural reliability framework. A mechanical-electrochemical coupling perspective is established by linking microstructure, porosity, sintering behavior, and thermo-mechanical compatibility to performance degradation and lifetime. Key design implications for mechanically robust SOFC architectures are highlighted, along with future research directions toward reliability-oriented materials for intermediate- and low-temperature operation. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ Habibie Serpong, Banten, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis, Arau, 02600, Malaysia; Proton Conducting Fuel Cell Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
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