Adhi Kusumadjati, Mitra Djamal, Ahmad Aminudin, Eko Satria
In medical application, hemoglobin meter used to check hemoglobin level in human body as a part of medical checkup. Implementation of the conventional hemoglobin meter requires Invasive test and data analysis separately, which becomes an impediment to obtaining real-time results. This paper presents the design and development of Non-Invasive Hemoglobin detection system based on giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor. In this study, hemoglobin containing iron (Fe) atoms was magnetized with a magnetizer composed of 4 permanent magnets. Then the magnetized hemoglobin is detected using a GMR sensor attached to a U-shaped probe where the patient's arm is placed. The sensor output voltage will go through a signal conditioning circuit consisting of an amplifier and a filter. The voltage data obtained then processed and compared with the data from clinical testing using a hemoglobin meter. The result show linear relationship between sensor output and hemoglobin level with the sensitivity of the sensor obtained at 0.0475 V/(g/dL) and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9663 or 96.63%. This system can be modified for a variety uses of medical applications yet still requires further optimization to provide higher precision and wider operating range. © 2026 Author(s).
Indonesia Defence University, Bogor, Indonesia; Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia; Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia; Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia