M. Rofif Nurfaizi, Khatarina Meldawati Pasaribu, Yusnaidar Yusnaidar, I. Putu Mahendra, Muhamad Abdulkadir Martoprawiro
SnO2 semiconductor material is a metal oxide with many advantages. It can be used in various fields, such as photocatalysts, gas sensors, and transparent film raw materials. In this study, SnO2 was synthesized using the hydrothermal method, with SnCl2.2H2O as the precursor. This study aims to evaluate the effect of citric acid additives on the characteristics of the obtained SnO2. The tin oxide was prepared in the presence of additives 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with the ratio of additives to Sn (II). The pH of the Sn (II) suspension was adjusted to 2.6 with the addition of NaOH 5 M. The hydrothermal process was carried out at 150°C for 12 hours. Observation with the naked eye showed that the black powder was obtained when no additive was added during the synthesis. In contrast, the white powder was obtained when citric acid was utilized as the additive during the synthesis. © 2025 Author(s).
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jambi, Jambi, 84204, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40116, Indonesia