Yassaroh Yassaroh, Amru Daulay, Asnan Rinovian, Heryanto Heryanto, Dina Maniar, Singgih Prabowo, Cindy Mutiara Septani, Nantasya Zabila Bahri, Mutia Dewi Yuniati, Sitti Rahmawati, Achmad Suryadi Nasution
Green synthesis of nanoparticles has emerged as a promising, environmentally friendly approach. The present study reports a low-cost and eco-friendly green synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles (GS-SiO2) from natural silica stone using lemon juice extract, compared with chemically synthesized SiO2 nanoparticles (CS–SiO2). The physicochemical and optical properties of GS-SiO2 and CS-SiO2 nanoparticles were characterized, and the application as a nanofiller in sago starch-based film was also evaluated. The major silica framework peaks appeared at 1012 cm−1 for CS and 988 cm−1 for GS-SiO2, corresponding to Si–O–Si asymmetric stretching, characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction shows an amorphous structure for both SiO2 nanoparticles, with a broad peak at 2θ = 23.4°. Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed that the size of SiO2 nanoparticles ranged from 30 to 70 nm. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis showed that GS-SiO2 nanoparticles are more stable at high temperatures than CS-SiO2 nanoparticles. The GS-SiO2 nanoparticles were applied as a nanofiller to sago starch film, and the effect of SiO2 nanoparticles (0, 1, 3, and 5% weight) on the physicochemical properties of the film was evaluated. Adding 1% of SiO2 nanoparticles resulted in the highest tensile strength (10 MPa) and strain at break (30%) among all films. The water barrier analysis demonstrated significantly improved resistance to moisture. The application of sago starch/GS–SiO2 nanoparticles to sliced pears demonstrated a beneficial effect by inhibiting oxidation and reducing moisture loss. The incorporation of GS–SiO2 nanoparticles into biomass-based food packaging films represents a promising, eco-friendly alternative for packaging materials. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Research Center for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST Iskandar Zulkarnain, Ir. Sutami Street km. 15, Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan, 35361, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Macromolecular Chemistry & New Polymeric Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 3, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands; Research Center for Polymer Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), KST BJ. Habibie, Puspiptek Area Building 460, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Department of Polymer Chemistry Engineering, STMI Polytechnics, Jakarta, 10510, Indonesia; Research Center for Geological Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, 40135, Indonesia; Study Program of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Educational Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu, 94118, Indonesia; Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu Street, Way Hui, Jati Mulyo, Jati Agung, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia