Leny Yuliatun, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Lia Destiarti, Ratna Betriani, Jolang Budiarta, Mariyam Mariyam
This study synthesized mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) using nano silica and clam shells-derived calcium carbonate, incorporating various radiopacity agents such as bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), and strontium oxide (SrO). The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized MTA were evaluated to determine the optimal compositions for endodontic applications. The synthesis was conducted using the sol–gel method, which involved solvent mixing, heating, and gel formation, followed by a solid-state reaction at 1000 °C. The obtained products were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDX. The properties of MTA products, including radiopacity, compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, pH, and calcium ion release, were evaluated. Results indicated that ZnO/MTA and SrO/MTA exhibited superior characteristics, forming stable cement structures with the compressive strength of 12.69 ± 0.93 and 11.15 ± 1.26 MPa, respectively, after 14 days of hydration. Bi2O3/MTA demonstrated the highest radiopacity value of 7.96 ± 0.18 mmAl, followed by SrO/MTA (4.17 ± 0.10 mmAl) and ZnO/MTA (3.43 ± 0.35 mmAl). All synthesized products maintained an alkaline pH throughout the 14-day immersion period and exhibited calcium ion release, which was beneficial for inducing apatite formation. These findings suggest that ZnO and SrO are effective radiopacity agents in MTA synthesized from nano silica and clam shell-derived calcium carbonate, enhancing its suitability for endodontic treatments. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Research Center For Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Research Center For Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, 78114, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Terusan Ryacudu, Jati Agung, Lampung, 35365, Indonesia