Rahmat Kurniawan, Syaikhul Azis, Sena Maulana, Arif Ashari, Budhi A. Prasetyo, Tati Suhartati, Sukrasno Sukrasno
Rhizophora apiculata, considered a traditional medicinal plant for its various pharmacological effects, is found on the southern coast of Lampung. However, the ethnopharmacology of R. apiculata, belonging to Rhizophoraceae, has not been widely reported. Therefore, the root bark of R. apiculata was collected to study its chemical content and pharmacological activity. Then, to investigate the structure–bioactivity relationship, three integrated phytosterol mixtures were tested for cytotoxic effects. The structures of all phytosterol compounds are clearly elucidated by the spectroscopic data. All phytosterols were examined for their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines: HeLa, MCF-7, and A549. Among these isolates, phytosterols with alkene units (C-22 and C-23) and 24-ethylsterol showed increased cytotoxicity in cancer cells, demonstrating the importance of the aliphatic sterol moiety. Furthermore, this investigation presented attractive phytosterols and their important cytotoxic activities and then suggested that the integrated phytosterol mixtures can be developed to modulate the lead compound for anticancer agents. © 2023 Rahmat Kurniawan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Chemistry, Sciences Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia; Pharmacy, Sciences Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia; Marine Environment Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia; Forresty Engineering, Sciences Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia; Chemistry, Sciences Department, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia; Research and Innovation Center for Biological and Natural Materials, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia
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