K. Strack, D.C. Adams, C. Barajas-Olalde, S. Davydycheva, R.J. Klapperich, Y. Martinez, K. MacLennan, A.Y. Paembonan, W.D. Peck, M. Smirnov
Electromagnetic measurements can significantly contribute to imaging and monitoring of the reservoir fluid movement for hydrocarbon, geothermal, and CO2 sequestration scenarios. Among electromagnetic measurements, passive methods such as magnetotellurics (MT) give a good overview picture while controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) addresses more details of the flood front location. Since Earth's resistivities vary over several orders of magnitude, adopting the methodology to the target resistivity is important. For conductive targets, we usually use magnetic fields and for resistive targets the electric fields (but not exclusively). Using field data from hydrocarbon and CO2 applications, we illustrate the importance of a workflow and adaption to the target on hand. Verifying the geophysical acquisition and processing steps with 3D modeling and checking them against a 3D anisotropic log-derived model maintains confidence in the workflow and minimizes the influence on the data. This allows us to predict data validity and to certify the data with respect to the borehole logs. © 2022 Society of Exploration Geophysicists and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
KMS Technologies, Houston, TX, United States; Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, United States; Department of Geophysical Engineering, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Indonesia; Lulea Technical University, Sweden
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