Pierre Yosia Edward Koraag, Arief Muhammad Firdaus, Naufal Hanif Hawari, Andam Deatama Refino, Wibke Dempwolf, Ferry Iskandar, Erwin Peiner, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Afriyanti Sumboja
The demand for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is ever-increasing. Thus, research has been focused on developing silicon-based anodes due to their high theoretical capacity and natural abundance. However, silicon-based anodes still suffer from several drawbacks (e.g., a huge volume expansion during lithiation/delithiation and the low conductivity nature of silicon). In this study, we develop a facile and low-cost synthesis route to create a composite of silicon particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple two-step mechanical ball milling with a silicon wafer as the silicon precursor. This method produces a strong interaction between silicon particles and the CNTs, forming Si–C bonds with minimum oxidation of silicon and pulverization of the CNTs. The resulting Si/CNT anode exhibits a first cycle Coulombic efficiency of 98.06%. It retains 71.28% of its first cycle capacity of 2470 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles of charge–discharge at a current density of 400 mA g−1. Furthermore, the Si/CNT anode also shows a good rate capability by retaining 80.15%, and 94.56% of its first cycle capacity at a current density of 1000 mA g−1 and when the current density is reduced back to 200 mA g−1, respectively. © 2022 by the authors.
Material Science and Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea; Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT), Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Engineering Physics Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Institut für Technische Chemie (ITC), Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Collaboration Research Center for Advanced Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency—Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
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