Amir Faisal, Azira Khalil, Hum Yan Chai, Khin Wee Lai
A computerized bone age assessment requires segmentation of the X-ray carpal bones from other undesired tissue regions. This paper presents segmentation and area measurement of carpal bones in X-ray images. The locally weighted K-means variational level set was applied in segmenting 67 X-ray carpal bone datasets. Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance measures show mean values above 0.7 and around 3 pixels, respectively. These satisfying segmentation outcomes enable the carpal bone areas to be measured on the segmented images. The carpal bone area measurement ranged from 4.24 mm to 48.96 mm with a mean value of 20.70 ± 10.51 mm and various values of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient implies that the segmentation method is insensitive to different carpal bone areas and locations. These results suggest that the methods can be applied in the bone age assessment by quantifying changes in the carpal bone area over certain time intervals. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Biomedical Engineering Study Program, Department of Production and Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Nilai, 71800, Malaysia; Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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