Egy Adhitama, Andam Deatama Refino, Tobias Brake, Jan Pleie, Christina Schmidt, Feleke Demelash, Kerstin Neuhaus, Steffen Bornemann, Simon Wiemers-Meyer, Erwin Peiner, Martin Winter, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Tobias Placke
In ‘zero-excess’ (often called ‘anode-free’) lithium metal batteries (ZE-LMBs), three-dimensional (3D) current collectors (CC) with a high surface area have been reported to effectively reduce the local current density and minimize the electronically and/or ionically isolated Li metal, so-called ‘dead Li’. In most of the published works on 3D CCs for ZE-LMBs, the discussion has oftentimes primarily emphasized the relationship between the functionality of the 3D surface structure and its effect on enhanced electrochemical performance. Therefore, it is important to take a deeper look at this relationship by controlling the surface features and surface chemistry of CCs. In this work, the direct correlation between the surface area of CCs and ‘dead Li’ is thoroughly evaluated. The Li deposition behavior at the entire CC is also elucidated. A fair comparison is maintained by precisely controlling surface features and surface chemistry of the 3D copper CC which is realized by femtosecond-laser-ablation. ‘Dead Li’ is accurately quantified by gas chromatography coupled with a barrier discharge ionization detector. This study shall shed light on a deeper understanding of the correlation between surface area and ‘dead Li’ to pave the way for the application of ZE-LMBs. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
University of Münster, MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Corrensstr. 46, Münster, 48149, Germany; University of Münster, International Graduate School for Battery Chemistry, Characterization, Analysis, Recycling and Application (BACCARA), Corrensstr. 40, Münster, 48149, Germany; Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstr. 46, Münster, 48149, Germany; Institute of Semiconductor Technology (IHT) and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, Braunschweig, 38106, Germany; Engineering Physics Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia; PT Nanosense Instrument Indonesia, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta, 55167, Indonesia
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