Rachmad Almi Putra, Mega Andini, Mahardika Yoga Darmawan, Adhistinka Jiananda, Nurul Imani Istiqomah, Yuliyan Dwi Prabowo, Nugraheni Puspita Rini, Larrisa Jestha Mahardhika, Julia Angel, Candra Kurniawan, Wahyu Waskito Aji, Yusril Yusuf, Edi Suharyadi
Magnetic hyperthermia therapy was developed as a more selective and localized-targeting approach for cancer therapy, utilizing magnetic nanoparticles internalized into cancer cells and heated through alternating magnetic-field exposure. Efficient heat generation combined with biocompatibility remains a major challenge in magnetic hyperthermia applications. In this study, Fe3O4/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites were synthesized through a green approach using Moringa oleifera extract, with HAp derived from Cockle shell waste. The influence of HAp mass fractions (10%, 20%, and 30%) on structural, magnetic, and thermal properties was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of two-phase nanocomposites with a crystallite size of 13.4–14.8 nm and a particle size of 6–14 nm, supporting superparamagnetic behavior. The nanocomposites exhibit moderate colloidal stability, with zeta potentials of − 21 to −28 mV. Magnetic characterization revealed a decrease in saturation magnetization with an increase in HAp content, indicating a magnetic dilution effect. The specific absorption rate values range from 0.3 to 2.56 W/g, with the highest performance demonstrated by the Fe3O4/HAp10% sample in ethylene glycol at a frequency of 20 kHz. These results show that the efficiency of heat generation is governed by the balance between magnetic response and colloidal stability. © 2026 The Author(s).
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, BLS 21, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanotechnology System, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia; Research Center for Energy Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia